留学生要怎么完成essay写作才够靠谱?
发表时间:2019-05-26 16:57:10 作者:zhangxin 阅读:144次
很多留学生在完成essay写作中措辞方面总是不尽人意,得分自然也就没有那么高了,那么具体要怎么完成essay写作,顺利拿高分呢?下面就跟Meeloun小编一起来看看吧!
essay写作技巧
想要英语写作表达好,第一步,就是放下我们原有的语言表达的固有习惯,去习惯并掌握英语表达的重点。那么对于英语来说,什么是“good writing”?it’s plain and it’s strong.It has a huge vocabulary of words that have precise shades of meaning;there’s no subject,however technical or complex,that can’t be made clear to any reader in good English—if it’s used right.
英语是简单明确,词汇量丰富,没有特定的主题,简单明了,直接不复杂。
在写作中更倾向选择来自Anglo-Saxon的词汇进行表达
英语主要有两个来源,一个是讲究华丽的Latin(拉丁语),另一个是Anglo-Saxon(盎格鲁撒克逊语)。
The words derived from Latin are the enemy—they will strangle and suffocate everything you write.The Anglo-Saxon words will set you free.
源自拉丁语的词汇,会是你写作的敌人,而来自盎格鲁撒克逊的词汇,能够有效的帮助你。
总之,来自拉丁语的词汇比较华丽而空洞,没有什么实际含义,所以在写作中更要善用来自Anglo-Saxon的词汇进行表达,而不是Latin词。
比如:
“Dear member:The board of governors has spent the past year considering proactive efforts that will continue to professionalize the club and to introduce efficiencies that we will be implementing throughout 2009.”
这样的长句,其实几个词就能概括了。这样的表达把句式变得复杂,云里雾里,就像政客的宣言,都是空话。
而源自Anglo-Saxon(盎格鲁-撒克逊)的一些名词,则要简单明了关键的多,比如:house,home,child,chair,bread,milk,sea,sky,earth,field,grass,road…
总之,不要使用那些你认为让人印象深刻,或是“文学”的词汇。简单无歧义,清晰明了的词汇是你的首要选择。
最好的工具是
主动语态下的Anglo-Saxon动词
主动语态下的动词将会让你的文章更加有力。
首先,你要搞清楚,主动和被动语态动词间的区别:
主动语态下的动词表示一个特定的动作:JOHN SAW THE BOYS。
这个事件只发生过一次,而且我们总是知道who did what。是JOHN进行了“SAW”。
但如果换成被动语态,就会变成:THE BOYS WERE SEEN BY JOHN.
它更长,语调更弱:它需要三个单词(WERE SEEN BY而不是SAW),而且不是那么精确。我们不知道约翰看到男孩多久一次?每天?每周一次?
主动语态能给句子一个昂扬向上的动力向前进,但是被动语态则缺少这份推动力。“momentum is given to a sentence by active verbs and the sentence is pushed forward by them”
感受一下这段来自“Walden(瓦尔登湖)”的名言,你会有更深刻的体会:
I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately,to front only the essential facts of nature,and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,and not,when I came to die,discover that I had not lived.
我去了树林,因为我希望能够真正的生活去追寻世界的真理,看看我是否无法学习它所教给我的东西,而不是,当我走向死亡时,却发现我没有认真活过。
这段话中活跃着:went,wished,front,see,learn,die,discover.这类的动词。这段话中44个单词有39个是一个音节,有一句话中,有五个单词有一个以上的音节。
Short is always better than long.
但如果把这段话改成被动语态会是怎样:
A decision was made to go to the woods because of a desire for a deliberate existence and for exposure to only the essential facts of life,and for possible instruction in its educational elements,and because of a concern that at the time of my death the absence of a meaningful prior experience would be apprehended.
每当用被动动词替换原句中的一个主动动词时,还必须添加一个名词来使被动动词起作用。
“I went to the woods because”
前面不得不加上
“A decision was made.”
好好用起主动语态下的动词吧,active verbs.They are your best friends.
英语写作的四个准则
Clarity,Simplicity,Brevity,Humanity
I have four principles of writing good English.They are Clarity,Simplicity,Brevity,and Humanity.
——Writing English as a Second Language
首先,Clarity
If it’s not clear you might as well not write it.
所以暂时咱先把这个放在一边。
其次是,Simplicity.
什么是简单呢?
“Oh,Mr.Zinsser,you’re so funny,”
就是简单。
或许你会认为这样简单的句子很愚蠢,但很多优秀的作家和演讲稿的内容表达,就是这种类似于“愚蠢”的简单表达组成的。
At night,lying in bed,I would let the slogans drift away,to be replaced with a series of images,romantic images,of a past I had never known.
这段话是美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)在他的回忆录“Dreams from My Father”中写的。
So remember:Simple is good.Writing is not something you have to embroider with fancy stitches to make yourself look smart.
简单就是好,别想着怎么整的复杂,装逼容易翻船啊。
Brevity.
“Short is always better than long.Short sentences are better than long sentences.Short words are better than long words.”
举个非常不恰当的比方,想想现在多少人一看到长篇大论,哪怕知道是好文章,都会自动收藏不看。换位思考下,对于老师来说,他更喜欢又臭又长死脑细胞,实际上啥也没谈的“官样文章”,还是简单明了轻松阅读的Essay呢?不要写你在交谈中不会说的话,写作就是在纸上或屏幕上与其他人交谈。真的take it easy!别整复杂了!
Humanity.
简而言之,就是做自己。永远不要试图成为你在写作中不愿成为的人。Never try in your writing to be someone you’re not.不要为了试图变得“更加优越”,而失去了自己。