英文论文代写只能用被动时态?
发表时间:2017-01-07 11:24:50 作者:admin 阅读:60次
很多同学从刚开始接触英文论文就被告知最好使用被动语态,原因是被动语态被认为更加客观,不掺杂主观人情,更加适合用于英文论文的写作;被动语态强调"什么被发现",而不是"谁发现"。这种习惯往往又在论文投稿的过程中得到固化:论文中为数不多的主动语态句子被审稿人特意拎出来,建议改为被动语态。当这样的情况多次出现之后,曾经的投稿者成长为审稿人,又会在审稿的过程中再次建议新手,于是这"不成文"的规定口口相传,成了英文论文写作课程里的一条金科玉律。
事实上,英文科技论文写作并非只能用被动语态,只要能把主动语态用好、用在合适的地方,也能达到想要的效果。下面就有两个学术界的权威期刊给出的建议:
期刊Science建议:
> Use active voice when suitable, particularly when necessary forcorrect syntax (e.g., "To address this possibility, we constructed a λZaplibrary . . .," not "To address this possibility, a λZap library was constructed . . .").
又例如,期刊Nature建议:
> Nature journals prefer authors to write inthe active voice ("we performed the experiment...") as experience hasshown that readers find concepts and results to be conveyed more clearly ifwritten directly.
今天,我们就来总结一下英文科技论文写作中选择使用主动语态有以下的优点:
1. 可以强调作者的责任与贡献
例如,有时候使用被动语态给刻意模糊一些动作而推卸责任提供了空间。
> No attempt was made to measure the weightloss because they were deemed unimportant to the analysis. (被动语态)
> We did not measure the weight loss of thesamples because we deemed them unimportant to the analysis. (主动语态)
2.让文章更加简洁可读
例如,使用主动语态不仅展示了动作的发出者,还能让句子更简洁和更生动。
> In vivo cardiac hypertrophy was induced byAngiotensin II (AngII) infusion by osmotic mini-pumps and AMPK was activated bymetformin in drinking water. Protein expression, AMPK phosphorylation andOGlcNAc levels were evaluated by QPCR and western blot. (被动语态)
> Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion induced invivo cardiac hypertrophy and metformin in drinking water activated osmoticmini-pumps. We used QPCR and western blot to evaluate protein expression, AMPKphosphorylation and O- GlcNAc levels. (主动语态)
3. 减少语意的含糊
例如,主动语态可以让读者很清楚的看到一些关键动作的发出者。
> The failure of the samples is suggested bythe thermal and mechanical studies. (被动语态)
> The thermal and mechanical studiessuggested that the residual stresses have failed the samples. (主动语态)
那么,到底科技论文写作中是应该使用被动语态还是主动语态呢?
1. 首先,还是需要仔细阅读目标期刊的Guidelines和最近发表的文章,根据期刊的要求选择语态,如果期刊明确说明必须用某一种语态,那么一定要遵守期刊的规则要求写作。
2. 如果是论文写作的初学者,希望更加专注于自己的研究本身,建议可以全文尽量使用被动语态。因为这样在审稿过程中更加的安全,某一篇文章因为过度使用被动语态而且期刊的审稿人提出语态有问题是比较少见的。
3. 如果科技论文写作已经相对比较自如了,那么建议全文尽量使用主动语态,因为会使得文章更加简洁生动,除非出现以下几种情况:
动作的发出者不详,或者与本文研究关联不大;
句子希望更加强调动作而不是动作的发出者;
动作的接受者是句子的主要话题。