统计类assignment范文

Background

I raised this question because of an argument I am having with a question from user697473 here. The title of his question is "Formal definiton of random assignment." In the post he makes a claim that one can get unbiased estimates of the difference of treatment effect even if one group that is represented in the population is not sampled. At least that is the way I interpret the claim. He points to a paper coauthored by Don Rubin on causal modeling here. Both he and StasK argue through examples that this claim is true. This issue was also raised in another question that he posted here. In that post titled "Random assignment: why bother?" gung expresses skeptism.

In the first question my answer included a statement to the effect that without sampling all possible assignments of a potential confounding factor you cannot construct an estimate of the difference in treatment effect without assigning samples to each stratum for the confounding factor.

The Issue

I am confused about the claim. As I interpret the claim I am sure it is false. The claim is supported by two examples one given by user697473 and the other by StasK. The examples are confusing to me and in neither case is a proof or demonstration given to show that the claim is true.

I could be misinterpreting the claim but based on my interpetation it is false. To illustrate my point let's look at a famous example from the design of experiments book of the Godfather of randomization Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher: "The Lady Tasting Tea".

In case you don't know the example I will describe it and provide a modification to clarify the example. The lady claims that she has the ability to determine just by tasting a cup of tea whether the tea was poured first or the milk was poured first. Fisher poses an experiment to test her claim by providing some cups with tea poured first and others with the milk poured first. If the Lady has the expertise that she claims she should be able to correctly identify the types better than a person who guesses at random. So the experiment is design to see if her probability of correct classification is better than 0.5. So he randomly provides the Lady with cups from both groups (in the example there were 6 cups 3 with milk poured first and 3 with tea poured first.

Now let me modify the experiment slightly. Suppose I have three brands of tea and for my population these brands are served at a tea parties equally. The question I want to ask is when given a cup of tea at a tea party can the Lady predict whether milk was poured first or the tea was poured first. I want to test whether her prediction accuracy is greater than 0.5 in the setting of tea parties. So I will apply Fisher's experiment to estimate this probability when the Lady is at one of these tea parties.
Note: I do not care whether or not she can differentiate the brands.

Suppose that in the population of tea parties the Lady's ability is:

Brand A Can predict tea first with probability 0.7 and can predict milk first with probability 0.7.

Brand B Can predict tea first with probability 0.75 and can predict milk first with probability 0.75.

Brand C Can predict tea first with probability 0.5 and can predict milk first with probability 0.6.

So she does no better than chance with Brand C but can do better than chance with Brands A and B.

For the experiment I only provide Brands A and B for her to taste. All I want to know is her ability to predict correctly in the normal tea party situation.

My Questions

1. Can I get an unbiased estimates of her prediction capabilities with this experiment?

2. If the answer to (1) is no, is user697473's claim false or have I misinterpreted it?

Randomization is used to avoid bias that is produced by confounding variables. This is important when trying to draw inference from a sample to a population. In my example the Brands are confounders. The treatment is tasting the cups. In the population she would get Brand A, Brand B and Brand C each 1/3rd of the time. If I know this and I sample Brands with unequal probabilities I claim that I can get an unbiased estimate of her prediction capabilities by taking a specific weighted average of the estimates of the proportions if I use a stratified random sample with strata totals n1, n2 and n3all greater than 0. But I cannot if n3 = 0. Furthermore, there is not other estimate I can calculate from a sample where allocation to Brand C equal 0 that will be an unbiased estimate.

教育学personal statement范文

Personal Statement 

I choose to apply for the English Teaching department in your esteemed university not only for my great interest and burning enthusiasm in this field, but also because I am really determined to be involved in the related study and work in the coming future. I have decided that I will contribute all of my life in English Teaching. My career goal is to become an outstanding English teacher stepping into the new period in order to apply the more scientific teaching methods and ways into practice. That is just where my interest lies. 

Meanwhile, I must acknowledge that my choice of TESOL never comes from my hot mind, but from the continuous learning and practices. So, it is actually a determination rather than a mere choice. Taking advantage of my excellent score in English learning, I have been involved in the social work as family teacher as well as attending some professional trainingto broaden my horizon since my freshman year. Theformer experiences enabled me to find that it is really exciting to be devoted to English Teaching field and such kind of excitation used to roll up in me every time, which made me believe that it is just the enterprise that I will be devoted to with my whole life. 

Cherishing this determination, I began to make insistent efforts to achieve my dream by participating more teaching activities to accumulate the related experiences. It still occurs to me that once in an activity, I met with a student with very poor foundation in English. However, during my contact with him, I found that he was actually gifted in language learning and his English is poor just because he dislikes the boring “signals” without any “nutrition”. Taking his interest into full account, I brought out one of my speeches before and he turned out to be deeply attracted by the words of “Wine is soaking, memories are passing. Wound is recovering, just for never forgetting.” He told me that it is the first time for him to realize that English can also express the sorrows so incisively and vividly. In this way, I successful lightened his interest in English, according to which I designed a special teaching scheme for him with the Tagore poems instead of traditional texts or grammar. Besides, I even advised him to read the English edition of “The Book of Songs” to cultivate his interest and feelings to the new language. Meanwhile, I also found some original edition of “English and American Literature”, telling him to translate them into his interested literary form. Benefiting from my special teaching scheme on him, his interest in English was being heated, which witnessed his great improvement in English reading ability. This successful experience presented me with much more confidence for my future work. 

The following teaching experiences after that enabled me to realize that few people are learning English as a kind of language, but as a kind of science like mathematics. So the sentence patterns are just like the mathematical formulas that are tormenting their memories since they can only put all the sentences into “frameworks”. In this way, they will easily get puzzled once the expression is changed because they are fettered in the grammar or the stupid “sentence patterns” with little understanding on the flexibility of a language. Thus, during my teaching, I have been trying to tell all of my students that grammar is just a way to help us to express our ideas in a scientific and acceptable way and they can actually write any thing in their own manner instead of thinking too much of the grammar requirements. However, I realized that my teaching way is not enough to pull up the root of the problem though I actually help a few of the students indeed because under Chinese boring education, English can be only considered as a subject instead of a language, which is just the problem existing in Chinese education system. 

Therefore, I hope to find a more suitable English teaching methodfor Chinese students, which can pull them out of the fixed clues by telling them that language is not just a tool, but also anexpression and communication that carries full emotions of human beings. Generally, I have every reason to believe that cherishing this kind of attitude and enthusiasm, I must be able to make more achievements after the study in your gorgeous learning institute, which will largely improve my personal professional quality and abilities and promote me to achieve my career goal in the coming future. 

MIT Sloan, coaching/mentoring - Essay sample

MIT Sloan MBA Essay Example

The following MBA admission essay was submitted to the Wharton business school by Aringo's client. The client was admitted to the program. Several names and details in this essay sample were changed to protect client privacy.

The application essay question / topic:

Question: Please describe a time when you coached, trained, or mentored a person or group.

I had been Bar Manger in the Green Villa for two years, where I was managing bar responsibilities in events of up to 400 people, when I decided to leave in order to manage my grandfather's business. I had been in charge of recruiting, training and managing the over 10 bartending employees as well as pricing and managing $10,000 worth of inventory.
When I handed my resignation to the manager, I assured him that I would not only find my replacement, but properly train him/her no matter how long it took.
Emotionally attached to the place and the people, I was very passionate about the bar and its development. I considered it my personal mission to find someone who would be the best for the job. I began by reviewing my 5-person staff to determine if anyone 'in-house' was qualified to take over; otherwise, I would have had to explore the option of hiring someone. I much preferred promoting from within, despite the lack in management experience. I believed the high level of commitment of my employees, as well as their excellent relationships with the rest of the Green Villa staff, was crucial.
I knew that I had a rough diamond among my staff, Dan. Extremely efficient and professional, Dan possessed excellent customer relations skills and got along well with his fellow employees. In spite of all these elements there was a big problem – his maturity. I knew I had a huge task ahead of me: guiding Dan through the transition from an employee mind-set of a manager. I knew that given the right guidance, Dan was the best candidate to replace me. I was eager to help him become the professional manager that the Green Villa deserved.
I related my decision to the company manager and he agreed that Dan was the right person for the job. When I offered Dan the position, he was very delighted and accepted on the spot.
I began by taking him through the logistic responsibilities. To ensure that Dan approached each task with the necessary attention, I stressed the importance of each responsibility for ensuring Customer satisfaction. Within 2 weeks I encouraged Dan to assume logistic responsibilities while I monitored. Believing dialog is a crucial tool for guidance, when the occasional mistake occurred I would point it out and discuss with him the logic behind the appropriate decision-making process. I saw that Dan responded well to this kind of feedback, as his organizational capabilities strengthened and his confidence grew.
The most delicate aspect of this training period was managing the transition of Dan's status in relation to the staff. This was crucial to both shift assignments and actual work behind the bar. I stressed to Dan the considerations that must guide him when filling all shifts: as the manager, he is responsible for ensuring a balance between creating a strong team and considering employees' availability, abilities and needs.
I emphasized the importance of personal example, responsibility and welcoming feedback from the staff. Through an exercise where we conceptualized the ideal employee, we highlighted traits Dan must aspire to demonstrate through his work as manager.
After 2 months, I knew Dan was ready. I gave him control over all responsibilities, under my supervision. Of the opinion that mistakes are an indispensible part of learning, I would only intervene on rare occasions. I would offer my feedback after events and we would review what had happened. I first challenged him to analyze the event through his eyes. Then I suggested alternatives and pointed out several things he had missed, discussing the implications both on the event and the long-term work.
After 3 months, the time came for my final goodbye. I made it clear to Dan that I would always be available. I knew the bar was in good hands: Dan had effectively transformed from team-mate to professional manager. He earned the trust of his employees, providing constructive criticism and positive feedback when needed, while being attentive to their needs. A month later, when I stopped by, the HR told me that I had made the right choice, and that Dan was proving himself to be quite an effective manager, confident and full of initiative. When Dan called me 2 months later, thanking me for pushing him forward and guiding him, I felt great personal satisfaction.

布兰迪斯申请Essay范文

布兰迪斯大学的题目很简单，大家发挥的余地很多！这类看似简单的题目写出彩确实很难的，下面我们来看看这篇范文

Why would you like to attend Brandeis? (250)

It's like the wonderland of mine, I am not Alice, and the wonderland is not the underground world. However, life is always the fantastic adventures which filled with surprises and chances, and I am sure that Brandeis University would be the wonderland of mine which could help me to experience more and improve myself to be a better person.

I want to be a person who can help other people and contribute to the society, then I should have enough capabilities first and Brandeis attracts me. I'd like to study psychology and Brandeis offers students best education, researches opportunities and full support.

In Brandeis, psychology majors study varied aspects of both basic and applied areas of the field and focus on basic scientific research for undergraduate involvement. Brandeis offers a wide range of opportunities to participate in research, and I am looking forward to join in the researches with excellent professors there to write papers for publication in professional journals and books. What's more, there are undergraduate departmental representatives (UDR) there who can help every student individually to students' problems and suggestions to the faculty.

There would be thousands of words to describe my passion for the Brandeis students' life, organizations, clubs, athletics, community involvements, etc. However, there is also another reason why I eager to live in Brandeis besides of those outstanding academic advantages and campus diversities, I have a friend who joined in the college fair and shared with me her impressions for the school officer, harmonious, friendship, charming and attractive, I also wish to meet the wonderful friends there.

essay在开头部分写道：生活是一场冒险总是充满惊奇和机会，一句话概括了作者对生活的理解，同时也反映了作者热爱生活的一面。接着把布兰迪斯比作爱丽丝历险记的 wonderland, 太有创意了。

很能吸引人继续读下去。第二段直截了当地交待了自己的人生目标，第三段提到了自己的专业，以及布兰迪斯的教育特点以及自己能够获得的机会。第四段单独交待了自己和布兰迪斯结缘的一个小故事并且说明了自己对布兰迪斯招生人员的印象。读完这篇美国本科申请essay，让人心情愉悦。

海外留学对于assignment的要求

assignment在我们以前学习英语的时候，只知道它是作业的意思。而随着我们的长大，甚至出国留了学，却发现我们不会写assignment了，为 什么？在欧美，一些大学的assignment其实有两种，一种是报告形式，另一种则是文章、短文的形式。它们需要各专业的专业性知识，用这两种形式来完 成导师布置的相关任务。那么从国内去海外留学的留学生们怎么去适应欧美的这些assignment呢？本站可为您提供专业的指导服务，接下来先让我们来参 详一下某海外assignment要求，供大家参考。
 
Written Assignment and Guidelines for Submission
 
Assignment Question:
Discuss the effects of ageing under each of the following headings:
1.      Psychosocial
2.      Behavioural
3.      Biological
 
Due Date:
A hard copy of the 1000 to 1250 word assignment is due no later than 17:00 hours on Friday 15th April (end of week 7). 
Late submissions will not be accepted unless an Assignment Extension has been granted by the Course Coordinator Dr Tony Bush.
 Extension forms are available from the School of Health Sciences office on Level 4 of Building 201 (for Bundoora students) or from the School website on the RMIT internet. Students must follow School policy when applying for an extension; and must not assume that it will be granted automatically.
 
Guidelines for submission
These guidelines are intended to assist students in formulating a comprehensive and appropriate response to the question. The purpose of this assignment is for students to gain an understanding of the biological, behavioural and psychosocial changes that occur with ageing.  Throughout this process students can apply knowledge gained though lecture material.
 
Format:
Students must use these guidelines to format their assignment. This requires the student to write a brief introduction which should include introducing the topic, and stating what their intentions are in their response to the question.
A conclusion is also required, in which the student is required to summarise the major points covered in their submission.
The use of headings is mandatory to provide clearly structured signposts for both the student and the examiner. Adherence to the marking guide will ensure that students present their submission in a professional and academic style.
Students are not to submit additional information as an Appendix. Headings related to specific content should be used to organise your information, and table of contents must be included.
 
Word limit:
An overall word limit of 1000-1250 words is required for this assessment. Students are not to go over the word limit by more than 250 words. If students are under the minimum word limit, it may mean that they have not answered the question in enough detail.
 
References & Referencing:
Students are to show evidence of research into the topic; in addition to the required textbook for this course. A minimum number of three (3) references used must be relevant to the topics, and must be contemporary (not older than 5 years generally) and relevant to the context of Ageing. The types of references used should include the textbook & journal articles (minimum of 2).Students should research the topic through the RMIT Library databases and e-journals.
Students must reference all information from other sources, using appropriate intext referencing according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing. This includes intext referencing, and page numbers for direct and indirect quotes. Students must also include a reference list at the end of their assignment written exercise, formatted according to APA referencing style. Students can access information on formatting according to APA through the RMIT Library webpage (under the subject guide – Nursing –referencing – APA), on the Study and Learning Centre webpage or the Style Guide: Strategies for Effective Academic Writing on the DLS. . Students are advised to maintain an ongoing list of all references used during the writing of assignment; including details of web addresses, dates that sites were accessed, page numbers, etc.; to help them collate their final list.
 
Spelling, Grammar & Presentation:
Students must ensure that their spelling and grammar, including punctuation, meets academic standards. Spell checks on the computer are useful; but students need to also do a final read-through of their submission to check for errors. It is expected that students will also use professional language and terminology. This should include using and defining medical terms, in keeping with the expectations of registered nurses within the health care setting. The use of abbreviations should be limited to those commonly used, and should be written in full the first time used in the submission. Students are not to use their own shorthand or SMS type. The font used should be a clear typeface, and size 12. Normal size margins apply and double spacing, with students ensuring pages are numbered clearly.
 
Submission Details:
Students are to submit only a hard copy of their Assignment by or on the due date, following the instructions on the course DLS. Electronic submission may be asked for, when incidence of plagiarism is suspected so the assignment can be put through Turnitin©. Assignments are not to be emailed to the Course Coordinator. Students are also reminded to retain a hard and/or electronic copy of their submission; until after the final course marks have been collated, finalised and released to students.
The assignment will be available for collection from the course coordinator after the official release of results.
 
如果你对以上这些assignment感到有所困扰，那么本站可以为您提供专业的代笔制作相关服务，让您留学无烦恼。如需相关指导等服务，可随时关注本站，在本站进行搜索或来电向本站客服做进一步咨询

IT专业paper写作computer interlocking

England from 1984 started to develop computer-based interlocking system, at present, as the core railway transportation safety control system, replacing the original 6502 Electric, but with the large-scale development of computer interlocking system also exposed more and more problem. Since many computer-based interlocking system retains nearly 30% of the relay circuit, complex structure, large area, multi-wire, solder joints, this causes high failure rate, anti-interference ability is weak, while interlocking software out of the intellectual property protection considerations, is completely closed, for interlocking software correctness, security, not in-depth control. Software testing is only limited to functional testing, black box testing, the test can not be exhaustive range of functions.
 
The development of a computer-based interlocking requirements and development
 
1.1 Computer Interlocking development requirements
To ensure that rail transport leaps and bounds, give full play to the railway signal factories, engineering units, specialized construction units, electrical service maintenance units role in ensuring the basic security conditions, based on the computer-based interlocking system allows multi-level units become widely participate to achieve an open interlock devices. Computer interlocking system of the ideal state is: ① complete factory production; ② completely standardized design; ③ most simplified construction site; ④ most simplified acceptance mode; ⑤ most simplified maintenance approach; ⑥ most simplified maintenance tools; ⑦ easiest secondary development that free secondary development; ⑧ complete device parameter monitoring function; ⑨ meet the railway traffic automation interface functions.
 
 
 
1.2 Computer Interlocking direction of development    
 
1.2.1 Take two squares two systems
UK's current computer interlocking system are: hot standby, two out of three and two by two to take two systems. Hot Standby system problem exists Dual switch, switch failure would have serious consequences for the risk; shielded redundant technology to take two of the three systems, although the possibility of dangerous output is extremely small, but there can not be downtime problems; therefore This year the main technological transformation and new railway lines have given priority to take two squares two systems, two by two computer interlocking system is also taking future trends.
 
 
1.2.2 Fully electronic
As manufacturing technology continues to improve, the electronic unit to get the vigorous development of electronic unit with a small, powerful features; facilitate networking, remote management and remote diagnostics. Thus, with the Ministry of Science and continues to progress, to get rid of the relay, using fully electronic computer interlocking will be a trend.
 
 
1.2.3 Modular
For ease of use and maintenance of computer interlocking should move towards modular, functional direction to achieve the module line replacement, saving the system maintenance time.
 
2 full electronic modular computer interlocking system features and functions
 
 
2.1 Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system with the characteristics
 
 
2.1.1 hardware configuration
Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system using industrial control technology, the abolition of all 6502 relay module is in direct control of the outdoor unit switch machines, signals machines, track circuits, in a clear, comprehensive fault diagnosis and fault indication and all modules support hot-swappable capabilities, cabinet wiring with plug-in cable directly correspond noseplate will minimize the amount of construction, the use of direct replacement module, the first maintenance after analyzing ways to achieve "fool" the construction and maintenance.
 
 
2.1.2 Software constitutes
Interlocking Software should break the current computer interlocking system interlock seclusion other barriers to achieve an open source code level, and its "messaging" and "module assembled" interlocking ideas and original 6502 15 network cable and Puzzles designed in a way similar to the implementation of modular, trained technical personnel should be able to cope with any new station interlocking software design and debugging, testing to ensure early detection can minimize and resolve software in a variety of potential security risks, computer-aided design system refers to the user input station plan and set the necessary parameters, you can automatically generate interlock programs and data to minimize human error.
 
 
2.2 Full computer interlocking system should have the function
2.2.1 achieve the basic functions and special interlock interlock function
Achieve progress on the road turnout, signal and track circuit interlock properly to ensure correct and train running into the road safety, to meet all of the interlock function 6502, the main features include: ① handle all stations train route, shunting into the road and roundabout approach. Equipment failure can be handled in the boot and boot into the path of total lockdown. ② The end is always handled two ways. Shunting into the road at once handled by a few basic approach consisting grow way, can also be handled by one segment. ③ signals belonging to the hostile approach, can not open. Only checked into the path of all track sections idle, all the relevant switch position is correct and has been locked in position, according to investigate and correct the hostile relations, the signal to open. ④ having a signal normally closed function, special off function to prevent automatic repeat function open signals and artificial repeat open feature. ⑤ with approach automatically unlock, halfway back to unlock, unlock cancellation approach, labor and trouble unlocking unlock approach into the road. ⑥ having separate operation functions turnout.
According to the special requirements of stations to achieve special interlocking relationships, such as: single hook slide release function, stock Road middle Chucha feature non shunting into the road, continuing into the road, local control station or turnouts and clinical linkages interval occlusion.
 
 
2.2.2 The flexible system configuration function
Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system using three-layer structure, the upper PC, Could it be an opportunity, then layer; upper layer via a communication network and the second interlocking machine communication; third layer is 10 module execution units.
According selection of different composition interlocking machine can achieve hot standby interlock fault tolerant computer or three takes two interlocking squares two computers or take two interlocking computer systems.
 
 
2.2.3 Monitoring Function
System without adding any other device, to achieve the indoor and outdoor equipment, the basic parameters and status monitoring.
 
 
2.2.4 History graphic reproduction function
System has a complete record function, can store a year's information, which includes: driving job handling information, station graphics (signals, turnouts, track sections and other field device status) information, reflecting the system runs a variety of data . Adjustable recording system for any period of time all the data for playback to reproduce the real situation of the system at that time, as the cause of the accident analysis provide a convenient tool.
 
 
2.2.5 improve self-diagnostic function
System through the readback, software and other technology to achieve the dual coding failure to board-level self-diagnosis.
 
 
2.2.6 maintenance and remote diagnostics
System capable of recording all operations and signaling equipment status; monitoring and reporting system failures; easily query a variety of information stored in the memory; storage and print records; through the network system  failure can notify to the remote maintenance department, the maintenance department may need to dispatch technicians to repair the corresponding remote diagnostics.
 
 
2.2.7 Implementation and other information systems binding function
The system has the oversight and scheduling, dispatching centralized systems such as communication. To achieve information sharing between stations.
 
 
2.2.8 weakening function with fault
System interlocking machine either hot standby, take two or three squares two take two, the input and output layer IO modules are used within "two to take two" to protect the "fail safe backward", that is, each module has two sets of circuits. Interlocking system of partial failure does not affect the safe operation of equipment in the case of systems with fault weakening function.
3 Conclusion
Full computer control of railway signal interlocking system is a new generation of interlock devices, systems to computer control technology as the core, power electronic switching technology based on the use of electronic means, the use of computer communications, automatic detection and other advanced technologies, to achieve full electronic control computer of the railway signal interlocking equipment, small, powerful, easy networking, for railway automation, information technology to provide basic information, remote management and remote diagnostics, railway signaling professional development.

墨尔本国际金融专业 assignment写作案例

The Halderman Company: Success in the Changing Global Soybean System

Executive Summary

This report provides an analysis of the reason for the success of the Halderman companies in the soybean industry in the U.S., and the competitive advantages of this company comparing to competitors from countries like Brazil and Argentina. In addition, some suggestions is given to the CEO of the Hadlerman companies in terms of managing future growth and the firm’s international strategy.

This report finds that the reason for the success of the Halderman companies in American soybeans industry can be mainly attributed to three factors: Steady increase of soybean demand, technological and financial power, and innovation. In addition, when comparing to oversea competitors, the Halderman companies also have competitive advantages in areas such as: Factor condition (technological power), supporting industry (financial power), demand condition (increasing demand of soybeans world-wide till 2030), and government (agriculture support program). The former three are sustainable competitive advantages whereas the last one is not sustainable.

The report also provides suggestions to the CEO of the Halderman companies with regard to managing future growth in the soybeans market and being a strong international company: To continue to maintain the technological and financial power over other competitors, establish cooperation with oversea competitors, and enter market in other developing countries.

1.The Halderman Company: Success in the Soybean System in the America

In the early twenty-first (21^st) century (around 2002 ~ 2003), the global soybean market has witnessed a dramatic increase. As can be seen in Figure 1, in the U.S market, there is an increase up to 42% in soybean production from the early twentieth (20^th) century (around 1990/1991) to the early twenty-first (21^st) century (around 2002/2003). Moreover, due to increase of demand from developing countries like India and China, it is expected that the growth of soybean industry will last till the year 2030 [Ray & Kevin, 2003].

图此处省略

Figure 1 Soybean Production in Selected Countries, 1990-1991, 1996-1997, and 2002-2003 (Unit: Millions of bushels) [Ray & Kevin, 2003]

Among those world-leading soybean producers, the Halderman companies: Halderman Farm Management Services, Inc. (HFMS), and Halderman Real Estate Services, Inc (HRES), are very successful players in the U.S market. According to the company’s history, the Halderman company has grown to 40 full- and part-time staff members managing more than 650 farms, selling and acquiring over 150 properties and performing over 400 appraisals annually [Company history, 2012]. The reason for the Halderman companies’s success in the U.S soybean industry, at a time when the industry and the agriculture business sector have been characterized for the dominance of one of the "big sister"(Cargill, Bunge, Louis Dreyfuss, ADM) downstream and have been highly fragmented and heterogeneous upstream, can be largely attributed to the following three factors:

a.Steady increase of soybean demand

Besides demand from America itself and other developed countries, rising living standard in developing countries such as India, China and other Southeast Asian countries has lead to a dramatic increase in the demand of soybean and related products as consumers in those countries increase the share of protein in their diets [Ray & Kevin, 2003]. In addition, new usage of soybean in areas like biofuels, industry oil, and even automobile parts have also imposed increasing demand of soybean. As a result of the booming demand of soybean around the world, American soybean industry has witnessed a demand of soybean both for domestic and oversea market, and the Halderman companies, as a major player in the U.S soybean industry, have benefited significantly in this period.

b.Technological and financial power

Technological and financial power is another important reason for the Halderman companies’ success in the soybean industry. Wide use of high-tech machinery and latest farming technologies have help the Halderman companies to reduce their production costs for soybeans. As shown in Figure 2, the total farm production cost for soybeans in the U.S is just 25% and 40% higher than that in Brazil and Argentina considering the higher land value and workers’ salary in the U.S comparing to that in Brazil and Argentina.

Moreover, the financial power is another critical factor that helps the Halderman companies to be successful. Easy access to capital and professional financial has helped famers and farms to exploit new market opportunities and expand their business.

c.Innovation

Different from competitors from Brazil and Argentina, besides traditional farm management business, the Halderman companies are also very innovative to exploit new filed and create more value. For example, two different companies have been established: The Halderman Farm Management Service, Inc. (HFMS) and The Halderman Real Estate Service, Inc. (HRES). Through these two companies, the Halderman companies can provide both professional farm management service and real estate management service to customers. For example, HFMS provided professional farm management services to more than 650 farms with a total market value of more than $460 million. And HRES worked with farm owners to determine appropriate type of lease arrangement, and HRES even offered approximately 100 different lease types [Ray & Kevin, 2003]. All those innovations have helped the Halderman companies to be successful in the soybean industry.

Despite the success in soybeans industry in America, the Halderman companies also need to pay great attention to competitors in the South: companies from Brazil (e.g., Grupo Maggi) and Argentina (e.g., El Tejar, S.A.). Therefore, the Halderman companies need to think about its distinctive core competencies and comparative advantages comparing to its Brazilian and Argentinean competitors. In the following section, we will discuss the competitive advantages of the Halderman companies.

2.Competitive advantage of The Halderman Company

In order to compete with soybean producers from countries like Brazil and Argentina which enjoy low human resources expense and economies of scale, it is critical for the Halderman company to find out its competitive advantage. In the following, we will discuss the competitive advantages of the Halderman company based on the determinants as proposed in Figure 2.

图此处省略

Figure 2 Determinants of Competitive Advantages in Nations

The Halderman Companies’ Competitive advantage 1: Factor Conditions

Technological power is definitely a competitive advantage of the Halderman companies. Though new technologies are being used in developing countries like Brazil and Argentina, there is still a long way to go for them to catch up with U.S companies. For example, Alvardo, CEO of Argentinean soybeans producer, once hoped to add real-time satellite monitoring of filed conditions. Even such technology was already feasible, Argentina’s poor exchange rate meant it was not yet affordable [Ray & Kevin, 2003]. So technological power is a sustainable competitive advantage of the Halderman companies.

The Halderman Companies’ Competitive advantage 2: Related and Supporting Industries

Highly developed financial market, as an important supporting industry to the soybeans industry, is another competitive advantage of the Halderman companies. As discussed above, this is a sustainable competitive advantage of the Halderman companies.

The Halderman Companies’ Competitive advantage 3: Demand Conditions

As shown in Table 1, the demand for soybean is expected to grow steadily till 2030 both in U.S domestic and oversea markets. Therefore, this is a sustainable competitive advantage of the Halderman companies, at least till year 2030.

Table 1 World-wide Soybean Production and Demand Projections in 2030 (‘000 metric tons)

The Halderman Companies’ Competitive advantage 4: Government

U.S. government support and subsidy for agriculture, including soybeans industry is also an external competitive advantage of the Halderman companies, though not sustainable. In U.S., government agriculture programs have evolved into multi-million-dollar systems of agricultural support. Comparing with companies from Brazil and Argentina that enjoy little or no government subsidies, this seems to be a competitive advantage for the Halderman companies. However, this competitive advantage is not sustainable because: First, U.S. is actually under heavy pressure to trim this multi-million-dollor farm support in WTO multilateral trade negotiation; Second, heavy subsidies actually hurt U.S. agriculture industry by lowering the comparative advantage of U.S farmers.

In words, the competitive advantages of the Halderman companies mainly lie in four areas: Factor condition (technological power), supporting industry (financial power), demand condition (increasing demand of soybeans world-wide till 2030), and government (agriculture support program). The former three are sustainable competitive advantages whereas the last one is not sustainable.

3.To be a strong International Player

Apparently, the trend for soybeans industry, and also agriculture industry as a whole, is going to be a global market. Therefore, following are my suggestions to the CEO of the Hadlerman companies in terms of managing future growth and the firm’s international strategy:

a.Continue to maintain the technological and financial power over other competitors;

b.Establish cooperation with oversea competitors

For example, HFMS can be a professional farm management service provider to soybean producers in Brazil and Argentina. Rather than competing directly in soybean market, the Halderman company can do business with other oversea competitors to generate more business values.

c.Enter market in other developing countries

As illustrated in Table 1, demand of soybeans in developing countries in Asia like China and India are strong through 2030, so it is wise for the Halderman companies to have a strong presence in those emerging markets.

4.Summary

At a time when the industry and the agriculture business sector have been characterized for the dominance of one of the "big sister"(Cargill, Bunge, Louis Dreyfuss, ADM) downstream and have been highly fragmented and heterogeneous upstream, the Halderman companies has achieved great success in U.S. soybeans industry in the early twenty-first (21^st) century. The reason for the Halderman companies’ success in the U.S soybeans market can be largely attributed to factors including: Steady increase of soybean demand, technological and financial power, and innovation. In addition, when comparing to oversea competitors, the Hadlerman companies also have competitive advantages in areas such as: Factor condition (technological power), supporting industry (financial power), demand condition (increasing demand of soybeans world-wide till 2030), and government (agriculture support program). The former three are sustainable competitive advantages whereas the last one is not sustainable.

Looking forward, in order to manage future growth in the soybeans market and be an strong international company, my suggestions to CEO of the Halderman companies are: to continue to maintain the technological and financial power over other competitors, establish cooperation with oversea competitors, and enter market in other developing countries.

Reference

Ray A. Goldberg, Kevin Allison. (2003). The Global Farmer and the Future of Soybean Production, Harvard Business School Case Study 9-904-402, Oct.2003

The Halderman Real Estate and Farm Management Inc., Company history, retrieved fromhttp://www.halderman.com/about-us/history.php, last retrieved on Apr. 9^th, 2012

ECONOMICS MAKING 米国assignment范文

本文由Bonrun提供的assignment代写，学生为米国经济类专业学生！

MAKING APPLICATIONS ASSIGNMENT 

Black Artists and Race assignment范文

Black Art Work

To begin with I would like to say that my essay is based on Black Art Work. Many people today would like to forget what happens at the beginning of 1980s and what it is the exact meaning of ‘Black Art’. Because they want to work with it and with out having any problems. This term may indicate a racial connection or imply the visual expressions of a race or its specific characteristics, but, as I argue here, this reading is not only simplistic but dangerously misleading for everyone and for Art work.

The real significance of the term lies in its specific temporality and historicity, which is often ignored even by those who write sympathetically about the work of black artists and their contribution to mainstream British culture. In fact to ignore this specificity and its social significance – which expresses not only a critical moment in the history of postwar British society but also a black experience and its articulation within the trajectory of postwar modernism – and to collapse it into whatever is produced by black artists is to undermine its historical importance.

However, when I was doing this research I found out that the allusion to ‘race’ in this specificity indicates an experience of a particular group of people or a community, which has resulted not necessarily from its own perception of itself but the way white society defines it by invoking its difference. I believe that this difference is of course there and is part of the community’s identity, but it is not important to what it says to in the modern world but what we believe. What therefore concerns Black Art is not so much this difference as how this difference is defined and experienced in a society that has not yet fully come to terms with its colonial past and its racial violence.

It seems that the intensity of this experience among some black art students was so great. It was this denunciation that underlies the emergence of Black Art in the early 1980s. It should not therefore be confused with the work of every black artist before and after this emergence.

Here I would like to first give a brief history of Black Art in Britain, describe its specific aims, objectives, and indeed its true vision, and then to see what was its achievement; and finally to ask how and why an art which began with a historically important radical position and agenda failed and collapsed into what has now become anything produced by non-white artists.

Although the idea of Black Art became widespread by the mid-1980s, as part of what is now known as the Black arts movement, comprising and encapsulating visual arts, film, photography, poetry, theatre, etc, my concern here is specific to various visual art expressions of Black Art.

What was particularly significant about Black Art was its ability to respond critically to the social and political forces of the time, and to set up an ideological framework for a militantly radical art movement. Its aim was to confront and change the system that, though centered in the West, put and dominated the whole world.

It was the time when in Britain, as well as in the US in particular, the political leadership turned to the right in order to explicitly re-establish its anti-socialist and imperialist agendas, with dire consequences for the world at large but also for the liberalism of the mainstream art world.

It was in this sociopolitical milieu, when many ‘avant-garde’ white artists – as they were thus deprived of their historical roles as the progressive conscience of Western liberalism – began to turn to their inner selves, cynicism and language-games, that Black Art in Britain came up with ‘a voice of humanity’, as some researchers wrote in 1982, ‘that refuses to be brutalized and in-sensitized’.

The amazing era of the Black Arts Movement developed the concept of an influential and artistic blackness that created controversial but significant organizations such as the Black Panther Party. The Black Arts Movement called for “an explicit connection between art and politics” (Smith). This movement shaped the most widespread age in black art history by captivating stereotypes and prejudice and turning it into artistic assessment.

Black art can refer to Art forms by persons of African descent. Specifically to the American, Australasian or European Black Arts Movement. Black magic even to the black art, a visual result in phase magic or to a chronological term for typesetting.

For Black Britain particularly, the decade brought modest applaud. The ‘riots’ of 1980 and 1981 seemed to confirm and solidify a marginal status for black British youth, whilst the injury of Cherry Groce and the death of Cynthia Jarrett likewise seemed to confirm an apparent cheapness of black life. All in all, it’s easy for us as a nation to imagine that the fractiousness and dissatisfaction of contemporary Britain has its roots in the things that happened to us in the 80s. We can’t quite put our finger on what’s wrong with 2005, but we have a sense that the 80s may well have something to do with it.

Keith Piper – ‘’Go West Young Man’’, 1996.

Customs and morals are not the same but this does not mean that I cannot involve myself and continue with my own life due to it being my decision to study elsewhere. I have discovered foreign artists living in other country’s who have based their own work on the way they have been up in their country of origin making this an advantage of discovering new ways. When I was doing my research I found out an artist called Keith Piper, a black artist who is important in organizing group exhibitions. He was part of and listened to the story of immigrants, involving himself showing photographs and text. I have chosen him as an artist because he is very important as a black artist. Drawing the bases of upcoming black art and artists he signify’s various points in his work.

This new publication Shades of Black: Assembling Black Arts in 1980s Britain attempts to put a positive spin on the 80s, wrapping itself around the rather overblown claim that the decade saw ‘the Black Arts Movement burst onto the British art scene with breathtaking intensity, changing the nature and perception of British culture irreversibly’.

For the most part, the book (which grew out of a conference held in the US in 2001) consists of 13 essays by contributors such as Rasheed Araeen, Keith Piper, Lubaina Himid, Naseem Khan and Gilane Tawadros, supplemented by a selection of artists’ images from the 80s and a chronology of artistic, cultural and political events from 1960 to 2000.

The contribution that most stridently remembers the 80s as a decade of disappointment and errant behavior is Araeen’s essay ‘The Success and the Failure of the Black Arts Movement’. In the staining knockabout speech that has turn out to be his brand, Araeen waxes lyrical about the extensive cast of characters from the 80s that have grievously disappointed him. For Araeen, the decade got off to a bad start when a paper he presented at a conference in 1982, ‘Art and Black Consciousness’, was ‘received with coldness and indifference’.

His 80s then went from bad to worse with the presentation of a large-scale exhibition that, Araeen argued, ‘turned out to be a disgraceful display of black mediocrity and third-rateness’. One hapless individual who was a particular source of sorrow for Araeen is chastised for failing Araeen’s litmus test. This sorry character, having dropped ‘his radically confrontational position’, went on to adopt ‘a change of view that was contradictory to the aims and objectives of black art’. Modesty prevents me from putting a name to the said individual.

Chila Kumari Burman, 1992.

Authenticity refers to the honesty of sources, ascriptions, promises, sincerity, devotion, and intentions. Authenticity or Authentic may refer to Authenticity (art), which describes the perception of art as faithful to the artist's self Considerations of time and space in art-historical narratives which are vital to understanding the conundrum of representation faced by modern and contemporary African artists. Within global capitalist, contemporary culture, location and dislocation, hybridity and syncretism, and narratives of movement and translation abound. The space from which one speaks and the voice in which one articulates identity become critical factors in establishing measures of authenticity and value. Throughout the evidence that I have constructed, authenticity can be seen in and out of art and questions the originality of someone’s work. Authenticity is the ground of being genuine up to an extent. An authenticity style of art is described by an individuals experience of being authentic, substantial and genuine, controvert to being commercial.

What do these revelations about authenticity say about Africa as a constructed field of knowledge within the contemporary art world? As I argue below, in each case, the catalogue author-curators structure these concerns in distinctive ways — but, taken all together, they form an important lens onto a developing discourse. Nor is this discourse divorced from broader art-historical concerns. In fact, many of the questions under debate echo longstanding European understandings of artistry, creativity, authenticity, taste, and aesthetic value.

McEvilley ends his round-up by creating opposing camps that gloss over distinctive, sometimes contradictory, and often shifting views of critics, curators, and scholars within the field, pitting the Picton-Stanislaus-Forum-Nka crowd against the Magnin-Martin-Vogel-Pigozzi lineage.

After dividing, he seems to call for a détente, writing that "It seems unnecessarily quarrelsome for the disagreement to persist at all. Will the two streams of African-art-in-the-West come to coexist and complement each other?" This question may be addressed by the one major player he has surprisingly or perhaps deliberately left out of the picture: Simon Njami.

McEviiley's essay "How Contemporary African Art comes to the West" is a remarkable attempt to rewrite the discourse surrounding these arts as it has developed over the last fifteen years. While much of the writing accompanying these exhibitions has been concerned with defining modern and contemporary African arts (and the two are not the same thing), McEviiley's essay rereads these past efforts in a deliberate act of canon reformation.

He is chiefly anxious with appealing those serious of the Pigozzi-Magnin approach. Parsing his summaries of debates, curatorial choices, and critical writings in the field, it becomes clear that we are, in effect, entering "the ditches of some of the most elemental art-historical debates about authenticity, the limits of canonical ideals, and the subjective constructions of value and taste."

Taking everything into account by attempting merely to add to the status quo, the curators open themselves up to easy dismissal on grounds of quality. And that is precisely the tack McEvilley takes, structuring an argument against the purity and authenticity of the conceptual works in question that eerily parallels that of Sewell's rant against contemporary African productions cited above: "That these artists practice a diluted or 'weak' form of conceptualism does not go very far toward proving the existence of conceptual art in Africa.

Rather, it proves that conceptual art exists in the various non-African places where these artists were educated and live". It is easy to find modernism's founding myths of originality, belief in artistic genius, and pursuit of universalisms of form and meaning within these writings about Africa, contemporaneity, and artistic expression.

Bibliography:

Araeen, Rasheed. (2007) Inverted Racism, Art Monthly, Issue 306, p39-40

Bonami, F., eds., (2005) Universal Experience Art, Life, and the Tourist's Eye, Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art, p23

Chambers, Eddie. (2006) Black Is a Color, Art Monthly, Issue 294, p36-37

Coles, A., ed., (2000) Site specificity: the ethnographic turn, London: Black Dog Publishing, p1-13

Pnina Werbner, (2003) 'Introduction: The Dialectics of Cultural Hybridity,' in Debating Cultural Hybridity: Multi-Cultural Identities and the Politics of Anti-Racism, Pnina Werbner and Tariq Modood, eds., p22

Schäfer, Henning. (2004) A Celebration of Impurity, Locating Syncretism and Hybridity in Native Canadian Theatre, Textual Studies in Canada, Summer2004 Issue 17, p79-96

Werbner, Pnina. (2002) The limits of cultural hybridity: on ritual monsters, poetic license and contested postcolonial purifications, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p133

酒店管理专业ps写作案例

Personal  Statement

“Travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way”. I throw my trust on this sentence and enjoy the joy and delight it brings for travel has become an indispensable part of my life. My travel career commenced in childhood when my parents took me traveled around. In our domestic journeys, I, the girl from a small town felt it a great pleasure to overlook and appreciate towering mountains, endless sea, forest of skyscrapers, and copious rural area scenery; while traveling abroad, I was bestowed with a feast of ethnic cultures all around the world, namely, the palace of dream-Paris, the fascinating spring in Kyoto, and the splendid night in Hong Kong. Unable to figure out an appropriate reason, I naturally desire to wander around to appreciate and understand diverse local customs as well as cultures, to worship the uncanny workmanship of nature, to record my feelings on the way, and to taste delicious food. To walk in different cities and view different landscape and scenery of the world, and then to view and perceive the world from a different perspective-this is the very profound significance of travel.

However, one is bound to return to the start point no matter how far he/she travels. It is such reason that drives me to do something for people who are still on the way, and this is also the reason why I am so captivated about the hotel industry. After entering university, whenever I travel with parents or friends, I am the one designated to be responsible for arranging hotel accommodation, because they all firmly trust my unique criteria on hotel selection. I will always pick out the most cost effective and suitable hotel among budget hotels or upscale hotels. Such numerous trips also sparks my idea to conduct a better understanding of hotel management and operation.

I have arrived at Los Angeles twice respectively during the summer camp in 2011 and my parent’s self-driving tour around the western United States in 2013. I crushed on San Diego especially in the self-driving tour when we spent an unforgettable night there. I caught a nostalgia of the blue sky, crystal sea, as well as the seafood restaurant with authentic taste. I visited the majestic U.S. Pacific Flee Base in Port of San Diego, watched seals frolic in groups in La Jolla Beach, as well as appreciated the most beautiful sunset in my life. However, I was sorry I could not stay in this beautiful city much longer to slowly savor the charm of her beauty. Surprisingly is that my university develop a project to do internship in San Diego. It will be the biggest good news to me if I was given the opportunity to do internship in the hotel in San Diego.

During my three years of study in this university, I actively participated in various volunteer projects, through which my communication skills and leadership ability has been greatly improved, so did my knowledge and understanding of the real society. In these projects, I was able to contact with various types of people, such as I taught autistic children painting and music in the Special Education Center, chatted or did handwork with the elderly in the nursing homes, carried out the work of guidance in the Alumin Associations of the university, and so forth. I occupy strong executive ability as well as enthusiasm of planning, which is the very reason that I chose marketing as my undergraduate study. In addition, I made encouraging academic achievements under careful instruction of my teacher in the past three years.

I am confident that I am competent in the hotel work in San Diego. Firstly, I have advantage in English, and I achieved 96 in TOEFL test in my sophomore year. Secondly, I have ultra-high passion for hotel service, because I will not only serve travelers on the way, but also accumulate plenty of experience and knowledge from it. Thus I, a person with strong sense of responsibility, will properly complete the work assigned.

For future, I plan to return to my motherland-China to assume a hotel job, the hotel I have ever practiced in would be better, after graduating from university, that is after completing my internship in San Diego. On one hand, the hotel industry related to tourism in China is promising, I am eager to contribute to the hotel industry in China, as it is in a stage of rapid development. On the other hand, I am greatly attached to my friends and parents. I am the only child at home so I will never settle far away from my parents. Therefore, to return to China and to be engaged in a hotel job is the best choice for me.