Assignment写作修辞手法系列专题(二)——明喻
发表时间:2017-10-12 13:06:56 作者:zhouzhengmao 阅读:81次

明喻的定义
明喻(Simile)是一种最常见的修辞语言,被广泛运用于戏剧、诗歌、歌词、乃至日常对话之中。明喻就是用一种有趣的方式将两种不同类别的事物进行比较,其目的在于在读者或听者的头脑中建立一种有趣的联系。
明喻的作用
明喻可以使语言更加富有创造力和表现力,同时也能够增加语言的趣味性。
《星期六晚报》(Saturday Evening Post)发现,人的大脑善于通过具体形象、故事、画面和比喻进行思考和联想。也就是说,相较于单纯使用形容词或文字描述而言,明喻可以使信息的传达更加高效,因为它可以激发人的相关情绪,在头脑中创建新的联系,并对事物的某些特征起到强调作用。
日常生活中的明喻
在日常生活中,明喻可以更加迅速有效地传达说话者的意思。不同于简单的比较,明喻通常比较的是两个不相关的事物,例如,“She looks like you”是一个比较,但它不属于明喻,而“She smiles like the sun”则是一个明喻,因为相比较的两者属于截然不同的类别。接下来,我们就来一起回顾以下生活中比较典型的明喻。
例1: Her smile is as bright as the sun.(她的微笑像太阳一样灿烂。)

例2: He’s as thin as a rail.(他瘦得像一条铁轨。)

例3: She is as happy as a clam.(她开心得不得了。)

明喻在文学作品中的应用
在文学写作中,明喻能够使语言更加生动有力,形象传神。作家、诗人、作曲家常常在其作品中使用明喻,让语言表达更具深度,以此来强调他们试图传达给读者或听众的深意。明喻既可以生趣,富有创意,也可以严肃刻薄。接下来,我们来深入探讨明喻在文学作品中的运用:
小说中的明喻
“One of the new things people began to find out in the last century was that thoughts -just mere thoughts - are as powerful as electric batteries - as good for one as sunlight is, or as bad for one as poison.”
——引自Burnett的小说"The Secret Garden"
如果我们比较以下两种表达方法,就会发现区别:1.Thoughts are very important.
2.Thoughts, just mere thoughts, are as powerful as electric batteries, as good for one as sunlight is, or as bad for one as poison.
不难看出,这两句话所传达的情感截然不同。在第二句话中,作者将思想比作电池,强调其力量之强大,然后将其比作阳光和毒药,强调其影响的双面性。通过形象化的比喻,文字所能传达的情绪变得更加浓烈,也能更加清晰生动地阐释思想的重要性。
散文中的明喻
He sat as still as a mouse, in the futile hope that whoever it was might go away after a single attempt. But no, the knocking was repeated. The worst thing of all would be to delay. His heart was thumping like a drum, but his face, from long habit, was probably expressionless.
——引自George Orwell的小说"1984"
这段话通过两个明喻:“as still as a mouse”和“thumping like a drum”,将一个受到惊吓的人比作老鼠,强调了他的安静和无助,将心跳比作鼓声,强调他因其恐惧而怦怦乱跳的内心。对比“He was afraid”和“His heart beat hard”而言,明喻的使用让文字更加耐人寻味。诗歌中的明喻
A Birthday
Christina Georgina Rossetti
My heart is like a singing bird
Whose nest is in a water'd shoot;
My heart is like an apple-tree
Whose boughs are bent with thick-set fruit;
My heart is like a rainbow shell
That paddles in a halcyon sea;
My heart is gladder than all these,
Because my love is come to me.
Raise me a daïs of silk and down;
Hang it with vair and purple dyes;
Carve it in doves and pomegranates,
And peacocks with a hundred eyes;
Work it in gold and silver grapes,
In leaves and silver fleurs-de-lys;
Because the birthday of my life
Is come, my love is come to me.
在诗中,罗塞蒂用三个“like” 将她的心比作一只鸣啼的小鸟,一颗掛满硕果的苹果树,和在平静的海上轻轻荡漾的五彩缤纷的贝壳。她用比喻手法生动地描述她欢乐、充实、平和的心情,可谓是运用明喻的典例。
歌曲中的明喻
As sly as a fox, as strong as an ox
As fast as a hare, as brave as a bear
As free as a bird, as mean as a word
As quiet as a mouse, as big as a house
……
——引自Lenka的歌曲《Everything at Once》
Lenka的歌曲“Everything at Once”使用了大量的明喻。她通过描述动物或物体来刻画了许多她所希望拥有的特质,比如矫健、强壮、迅疾,勇敢等。明喻(Simile)VS暗喻(Metaphor)

1. Life is a journey.
2. Life is like a journey.
3. Life is as eventful as a journey.
第一个例子运用了暗喻的手法,因为我们将“生活”直接比作“旅程”。而第二和第三个例子用的则是明喻,因为句中出现了“like”和“as”等比喻词。
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